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1.
Br Biotechnol J ; 2014 Jun; 4(6): 708-719
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-162470

ABSTRACT

Aims: Biosurfactants are surface-active agents of microbial origin that have a property of lowering the surface tension between two liquids. This study aimed to the production of biosurfactant by Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 in medium containing agro-industrial wastes for making possible its industrial application in the near future and to propose its environmental applications. Place and Duration of Study: Center of Science and Technology from State University of Paraíba - UEPB, Campina Grande – PB, Brazil and Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology (NPCIAMB), Catholic University of Pernambuco - UNICAP, Recife-PE, Brazil between June 2011 and July 2012. Methodology: According to the proposed factorial design, the culture medium was developed and used for the production of biosurfactant and incubated at 28ºC, 155 rpm during 48 h. The produced biosurfactant was evaluated by emulsifying index, emulsifying activity and surface tension using hydrophobic substrates as vegetable oils after frying, nhexadecane and diesel. Results: The best results for emulsification index were found between 79.92 and 100% of emulsification and for activity were values between 2.304 and 5.000 EA (emulsification activity) using vegetable oil after frying as substrate. In relation of the surface tension, the best value obtained was 33.10mN/m in the condition of the central point of the experimental design. Conclusion: The results show that Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 was capable of producing a biosurfactant with emulsifying property from industrial wastes in the studied conditions in this work.

2.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-621567

ABSTRACT

An analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a partially aqueous electrolyte system was developed to enable the free fatty acids of Brazil nut oil to be identified in cosmetic formulations. In this study, a gel cream formulation was developed and its oil phase was extracted with a mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (1:2:0.8 v/v/v). The chloroform layer was saponified with a methanolic solution of NaOH (0.5 mol L-1) at 75-80 °C for 25 minutes. Experiments were carried out on a Beckman PACE/MDQ CE system (Fullerton, CA, USA) equipped with an on-column, diode-array detection system set at 254 nm and at 25ºC. The electrolyte consisted of 12.5 mmol L-1 sodium tetraborate buffer pH 7.0, 12.5 mmol L-1 polyoxyethylene 23-lauryl ether, 7.5 mmol L-1 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (used as chromophore for indirect UV detection) and acetonitrile (35% v/v). The proposed method allowed the separation and identification of the fatty acids of Brazil nut oil in a cosmetic gel cream, as well as enabling possible interference by the oily phase components in the formulation to be identified.


Um método de análise por eletroforese capilar com sistema de eletrólito parcialmente aquoso foi desenvolvido para identificar os ácidos graxos livres do óleo de Castanha do Brasil em formulações cosméticas. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvida uma formulação cosmética (gel creme) cuja fase oleosa foi extraída com uma mistura de clorofórmio-metanol-água (1:2:0.8 v/v/v). A camada de clorofórmio, foi saponificada com solução de NaOH em metanol (0,5 mol L-1) a 75-80 °C durante 25 minutos. Os experimentos foram realizados em sistema de eletroforese capilar Beckman PACE/MDQ (Fullerton, CA, USA), com detecção de arranjo de diodos a 254 nm e a 25 ºC. O eletrólito utilizado foi 12,5 mmol L-1 de tetraborato de sódio tampão a pH 7,0, 12,5 mmol L-1 de éter de polioxietileno 23-lauril, 7,5 mmol L-1 de dodecilbenzenosulfonato de sódio (utilizado como agente cromóforo para detecção UV indireta) e acetonitrila (35% v/v). O método proposto permitiu a separação e a identificação dos ácidos graxos do óleo de Castanha do Brasil em formulações cosméticas, bem como possibilitou a identificação de interferências presentes na fase oleosa da formulação.


Subject(s)
Cosmetics , Electrophoresis, Capillary , Fatty Acids
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 40(4): 551-555, Apr. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-445666

ABSTRACT

In Brazil, HIV-infected individuals receive drugs (including non-brand name drugs which comprise locally produced generics and drugs that have not been tested in bioequivalence trials) free of charge from the government. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where non-brand drugs are widely used. For this purpose, we estimated the proportion of subjects with virologic failure (plasma HIV viral load greater than 400 copies/mL at 6 months after initiation of treatment). This was a retrospective cohort study of drug-naive HIV-infected subjects who initiated HAART. Subjects were included in the analysis if they were 18 years of age or older, were treatment naive, started HAART with a minimum of 3 drugs, and had available information on blood plasma HIV-1 viral load after 6 months on therapy. All subjects used antiretrovirals in dosing regimens recommended by the Brazilian National Advisory Committee for Antiretroviral Therapy. Chart reviews were conducted in three settings: at two public health outpatient units, at one clinical trial unit and at one private office. No comparisons of the effectiveness of non-brand name with the effectiveness of brand name drugs were made. We present results for 485 patients; of these, 354 (73 percent), 55 (11 percent), and 76 (16 percent) were seen at the public health outpatient units, private office, and clinical trial unit, respectively. Virologic failure was observed in 119 (25 percent) of the subjects. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of HAART in a setting where non-brand name drugs are widely used.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Drugs, Generic/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Viral Load , Brazil , Cohort Studies , HIV Infections/virology , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 56(3): 398-400, jun. 2004.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-364963

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve por objetivo implantar um protocolo de amplificação genômica, precedida de transcrição reversa (RT-PCR) para o gene da nucleoproteína do vírus da raiva, para a utilização dessa metodologia em laboratórios onde são realizadas investigações para a detecção do vírus rábico. Foram utilizadas 50 amostras de tecido encefálico de animais (44 bovinos, 5 eqüinos e 1 quiróptero) oriundos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, positivos por imunofluorescência direta e/ou prova biológica para o vírus rábico. A extração do RNA foi feita a partir da suspensão a 10 por cento em PBS pH7,2 do tecido encefálico utilizando-se a metodologia de TRIzolTM (Life Technologies) e o protocolo de RT-PCR descrito por Heaton et al. (1997), incluindo algumas modificações. Dentre as 50 amostras analisadas, 50 foram positivas pela prova biológica e pela RT-PCR e destas, 49 foram positivas pela imunofluorescência direta. Estes resultados demonstram ser este protocolo de RT-PCR uma metodologia sensível, específica, rápida e extremamente valiosa, podendo ser utilizada como rotina em laboratórios que trabalham no diagnóstico de vírus rábico.


Subject(s)
Animals , Diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rabies virus , Transcription, Genetic , Cattle , Chiroptera , Horses
5.
Hora vet ; 10(60): 49-53, mar.-abr. 1991. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-114047

ABSTRACT

Para a determinaçäo da prevalência da leucose enzoótica foram examinados 670 amostras de soros sanguíneos de bovinos provenientes de 55 propriedades localizadas em 18 municípios 46% de reagentes positivos para a raça Holandesa, 36,5% para mestiços Holandês/Zebu, 39,1% para o gado comum, 25% para Gir e 13,2% para o Nelore, näo sendo encontrado reagentes para o Simental e o Caracu. Pode ser concluído que o vírus da leucose enzoótica bovina (LEB) está bastante difundido no rebanho goiano, principalmente no leiteiro


Subject(s)
Animals , Cohort Studies , Leukemia , Serologic Tests , Cattle
8.
Rev. saúde pública ; 15(1): 46-58, 1981.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-2684

ABSTRACT

Foi estudada a natalidade em Salvador, Bahia (Brasil) atraves de uma amostra probabilistica de 2.893 domicilios, calculando-se uma taxa de fertilidade de 96,87 por mil mulheres em idade fertil e uma taxa de natalidade de 32,97. Verificou-se associacao entre o numero de filhos e a renda, utilizando-se como indicadores da renda a zona de residencia, classificacao do bairro e a ocupacao da mae. O numero de filhos esta tambem associado a escolaridade


Subject(s)
Birth Rate , Brazil
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